Article 1: Special Requirements for Dangerous Goods Transportation in International Air Freight
Dangerous goods transportation in international air freight involves stringent regulations due to their potential risks to aircraft, personnel, and the environment. Below are the key requirements covering classification, packaging, labeling, documentation, and more:
1. Classification and Identification
According to the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR)
dangerous goods are categorized into 9 classes:
- Class 1: Explosives (e.g., fireworks, explosives)
- Class 2: Gases (e.g., compressed oxygen, flammable gases)
- Class 3: Flammable liquids (e.g., gasoline, alcohol)
- Class 4: Flammable solids (e.g., sulfur, matches)
- Class 5: Oxidizers and organic peroxides (e.g., potassium permanganate)
- Class 6: Toxic and infectious substances (e.g., pesticides, medical waste)
- Class 7: Radioactive materials (e.g., uranium, medical radiation sources)
- Class 8: Corrosive substances (e.g., sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide)
- Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous goods (e.g., lithium batteries, dry ice)
Note: Some categories (e.g., explosives, radioactive materials) may be prohibited from air transport entirely
2. Packaging Requirements
Packaging must comply with UN standards and IATA guidelines:
- UN-Certified Packaging: Use containers certified by the United Nations, ensuring compatibility with the hazardous material.
- Inner and Outer Packaging: Inner packaging must prevent leaks and damage, while outer packaging must withstand impacts.
- Cushioning and Securing: Use fillers (e.g., foam, paper) to immobilize contents and eliminate empty spaces.
- Quantity Limits: Restrictions apply to single-package volumes (e.g., flammable liquids).
3. Labeling and Marking
Labels must be clear and durable:
- UN Number: E.g., UN1263 (paint), UN3480 (lithium batteries).
- Hazard Class Labels: Minimum size 10cm×10cm (e.g., "Flammable Liquid").
- Handling Labels: E.g., "This Side Up," "Cargo Aircraft Only."
- Proper Shipping Name: E.g., "Flammable Liquid, N.O.S."
4. Documentation
- Dangerous Goods Declaration (DGD): Must include UN number, class, packaging type, and quantity, signed by the shipper
- Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): Details chemical properties and safety guidelines
- Special Certifications: E.g., UN38.3 test reports for lithium batteries, radiation certificates for radioactive materials
Warning: False declarations may lead to fines, cargo seizure, or legal action
5. Personnel Training and Qualifications
- Shipper Training: Mandatory IATA DGR training and certification for shippers and agents
- Carrier Training: Airlines and ground staff must undergo regular training
6. Special Transport Rules
- Lithium Batteries: Must prevent short circuits; lithium metal batteries ≤30% charge, lithium-ion ≤100% charge
- Dry Ice: Use ventilated packaging labeled with net weight (≤200kg per package)
- Radioactive Materials: Shielded packaging must meet radiation limits
7. Carrier Restrictions
- Cargo Aircraft Only: Explosives and radioactive materials are restricted to freighters
- Route Limitations: Some countries impose additional bans (e.g., region-specific restrictions)
8. Emergency Protocols
- Emergency Plans: Include procedures for leaks, fires, etc.
- Emergency Equipment: Aircraft must carry protective gear, absorbents, and fire extinguishers.